"General Phillip Sheridan's Southern Plains ...." Topic
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Tango01 | 21 Mar 2018 1:09 p.m. PST |
…Campaign of 1874 – 1875 . "At the conclusion of the American Civil War bands of plains Indians consisting mainly of the Comanche, Kiowa, Kiowa Apache, Arapahoe, and the Southern Cheyenne were raiding at will all across the southern plains.[1] Several expeditions were mounted to subdue the plains Indians and although they severely punished them they were never able to force them to remain on their reservations and cease raiding the settlements. President Ulysses Simpson Grant favored using military officers as Indian agents but a group of Quakers convinced Congress they should be placed in charge of Indian affairs and in 1869 Congress passed a series of laws which essentially passed control of Indian affairs from the military to civilians, mostly Quaker, beginning a period that became known as the "Quaker Peace." The Quaker agents would not allow the military to pursue the raiding Indians onto their reservations in the Indian Territory of present Oklahoma, and as a result the Indians used their reservations as a sanctuary and the raiding dramatically increased.[2] During 1873 and 1874 Comanche and Kiowa raiding parties raided the northwestern frontier of Texas with great intensity. By the summer of 1874 it was estimated that the hostile Indians consisted of 2,000 Comanches, 1,200 Kiowa (likely included Kiowa Apache), and 1,800 Cheyennes. Most of the Arapahoes remained on the Darlington Reservation and remained peaceful.[3] The Cheyennes from the Darlington Agency on the Canadian River increasingly joined in these incursions, and conducted numerous raids into Kansas as well. The influence of the Comancheros, whiskey traders, poor government administration, the commercial slaughter of the buffalo herds, and the desire young warriors to obtain social standing through raiding, all contributed to a major outbreak by the summer of 1874.[4] Their attack on the buffalo hunters at Adobe Walls and the subsequent raids were only minor skirmishes, but they marked a major turning point in United States sentiment towards the Indians.[5] President Grant and General William Tecumseh Sherman were determined to end the depredations and the "Quaker Peace" quickly came to an …" Main page link Amicalement Armand |
Tango01 | 22 Mar 2018 10:56 a.m. PST |
I enjoyed the Reading a lot!…. So many movies you can made with that….
Amicalement Armand
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