"Piratical activity by Muslim populations had occurred in the Mediterranean since the 9th century onwards, and the Emirate of Crete.
The level of Muslim pirate activity was relatively low.
In the 13th and 14th centuries it was pirates from Christian states, particularly from Catalonia, who were a constant threat to merchants who traded by sea.
It was not until the late 14th century that Tunisian corsairs became enough of a threat to provoke a Franco-Genoese attack on Mahdia in 1390, also known as the "Barbary Crusade".
Morisco exiles of the Reconquista and Maghreb pirates added to the numbers, but it was not until the expansion of the Ottoman Empire and the arrival of the privateer and admiral Kemal Reis in1487 that the Barbary corsairs became a true menace to shipping from European Christian nations.
Spanish Moors and Muslim adventurers from the Levant, of whom the most successful were Hızır and Oruç, natives of Mitylene, increased the number of raids around the turn of the 15th century.
In response, Spain began to conquer the coastal towns of Oran, Algiers and Tunis. But after Oruç was killed in battle with the Spanish in 1518, his brother Hızır appealed to Selim I, the Ottoman sultan, who sent him troops.
In 1529, Hızır drove the Spaniards from the rocky, fortified island in front of Algiers, and founded the Ottoman power in the region…"
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