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"Bolingbroke Castle" Topic


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Warspite107 Apr 2017 2:36 a.m. PST

Bolingbroke Castle is now a fraction of its former glory but – in its day – it was a handsome and important building. As the birthplace of Henry of Bolingbroke, later King Henry IV, it could be argued that Bolingbroke was the cradle of the so-called 'Wars of the Roses' as it was Henry who overthrew the unpopular Richard II – but his act of rebellion also established a precedent. Two generations later the House of York overthrew his equally unpopular grandson, Henry VI.

link to see the full set.
All photos are thumbnails and all open up much bigger.

The area had been fortified by the Saxons in the 6th or 7th century AD but in the 12th century the Normans built a motte and bailey castle on a nearby hill. The present castle was founded by Ranulf, Earl of Chester in 1220 shortly after he returned from the Fifth Crusade. Its imposing round towers were fashionable and he may have been inspired by castles he saw on his travels. He also chose to build without a keep although the huge gatehouse may have served a double function of both keep and gate.

The site is an irregular hexagon with round towers at the salient points and a handsome twin-towered gateway facing the present village. The moat to the main site was 90-100 feet wide with the water lapping at the base of the walls when built. Today, so much material has fallen into the moat that there is now a wide berm around the base of the exterior wall where visitors can walk. When built it was lime-washed in white and traces of this remain on some of the walls today.

Ranulf had died in 1232 without a male heir, and his titles, lands and castles passed to his sisters. Following the death of the first Duke of Lancaster in 1361 Bolingbroke passed through marriage into the ownership of John of Gaunt. His wife Blanche, daughter of Henry of Grosmont, was born at the Castle in 1345. John and Blanche's son, Henry was also born at Bolingbroke Castle in 1367 and became known as "Henry of Bolingbroke" before he took the throne in 1399.

In addition to this main castle there is a ditched outer enclosure (see aerial photo – link } which may have served an agricultural purpose. Within this there is a mysterious earthwork of roughly 'playing card' shape with its long side facing towards the castle. This earthwork has not been positively identified but the ditch is still deep enough to be flooded today and was clearly defensive. It is probably a siege earthwork from 1643 (its in the right position and at the right range for muskets and cannon) but the enclosure also strongly resembles the king's 'pleasaunce' which Henry IV's son, Henry V, constructed at Kenilworth Castle during his reign. At Kenilworth this functioned as a secure pleasure palace to entertain friends, and the ladies, at the far end of the huge lake and moat. Bolingbroke's may have been an earlier essay in the craft given that Henry of Bolingbroke was under constant threat when he got into dispute with Richard II. Henry snr may have needed somewhere outside the smells and claustrophobia of the castle's main walls where he could kick back and enjoy himself in relative security. The outer ditched area around would then lend itself to riding and hawking. Think of it as a 'man cave' in the garden perhaps? Or is it just a Parliamentarian siege work?

The local building material was poor in quality and by the 16th century, the castle had fallen into disrepair. Some work was carried out during the Tudors. In 1636 a survey found that all of the towers were – effectively – beyond repair.

A bad castle is better than no castle, so at the start of the English Civil War Bolingbroke was garrisoned by the Royalists. In 1643 it was damaged in a siege and the nearby Battle of Winceby. The following year, the castle was recaptured from Parliament but was lost again later. In 1652 the castle was 'slighted' (deliberately damaged) to prevent any further use. The towers and walls were torn down and dumped into the moat. The last major tower fragment collapsed in 1815.

Of course none of this collapse would have been helped by locals robbing the stone for their own buildings. Large parts of the castle are probably in the village and in surrounding farms and villages!

The site is free to visit, supported by a local friends group.It is in the care of English Heritage via a Lincolnshire heritage group.

Larry R07 Apr 2017 5:45 a.m. PST

The site may be free but my airline ticket isn't!! Someday I hope to make it over there. Very nice write up and pictures. Thanks for sharing!

Warspite107 Apr 2017 6:44 a.m. PST

@ Larry R
Well the idea of all my site visits on Flickr is to give a good guide to the building/s and an informed idea of their history and/or development.

I am glad that you liked it and I will do more.

Barry

Larry R07 Apr 2017 7:06 a.m. PST

Thanks Barry, I look forward to it. I would like nothing more than to do a 3 week vacation doing nothing but pubs and castles!

Warspite107 Apr 2017 10:20 a.m. PST

@Larry R
I know a few pubs that are named after castles! :)

As the story goes, the Duke of Somerset who was killed at St. Alban's in 1455 always avoided visiting Windsor Castle as a wise woman (i.e. a witch) had predicted he would die at a castle. Also, as the story goes, he was killed outside 'The Castle' inn in St.Albans.

And if you believe that one, I will tell you another one! :)

Barry

Great War Ace07 Apr 2017 11:31 a.m. PST

Lovely place. I can imagine the utility of that enclosed passage between the kitchen and the great hall, in winter time…….

MajorB07 Apr 2017 11:38 a.m. PST

Also, as the story goes, he was killed outside 'The Castle' inn in St.Albans.

And if you believe that one, I will tell you another one! :)

The site of the Castle Inn in St Albans has been positively identified on the 1634 map that hangs in St Albans library.

Volleyfire07 Apr 2017 3:14 p.m. PST

As a resident of Bolinbrook I can add a few other items of interest possibly.

My family has resided in the village since the Domesday Book, descended from Sir Robert Skynere a Norman born as it says on the Church records.He married the daughter of Sir Robert Bolingbroke of Bolingbroke. The title 'Sir' disappears with the ninth descendant Richard, but they continued to marry into titled families for many generations, Richard himself married the daughter of one Sir George Lambert although I can't decipher exactly where the Lamberts hailed from.My family seem to be the ancestors of the Skinner family in many other counties judging by the records, whether all Skinners can be traced back to Bolingbroke I cannot say for sure.

You will find stone from the castle used in a row of workmens cottages known as 'The Row' up near the Hall.

picture

The Hall was once the residence of William Stones, a well known Victorian water diviner.

With the sandstone of the castle being a relatively soft material it is easily carved, as you can see from the unfortunate amount of graffiti left by other previous visitors. It also lends itself to fossils though, and when I was a youngster I found a large piece, from memory roughly 10 inches long, on the floor of one of the gatehouses with the fossil of a brooch in it which clearly showed the three plumes of the emblem of the Prince of Wales. Unfortunately, I took it to school and my teacher took a fancy to it and I never saw it again.

On my hearth I have a cannonball from the ECW which was one of a pair dug up by my grandparents at the bottom of their front garden along Hagnaby Rd which runs adjacent to the castle along its Western side. These balls weighed 5lbs and approx 9 lbs respectively, both of cast iron with a seam around the middle.. My late father used then as door stops in his office for many years. Unfortunately a secretary took a shine to the larger one and when she left his employment it disappeared at the same time.
If you look at the aerial photo Hagnaby Road runs along the top of the picture. There is a triangle of trees top right with another clump to their left next to the road. Above them are two bungalows on the left of a road leading into a housing estate. Cromwell House is to the left of these bungalows, set back from the road with a large front garden. The cannon balls were found whilst digging a fishpond at the bottom of the garden near the road. That gives you a rough idea of the distance. The question is, were they left there by the Parliamentarian besiegers, or were they fired out from the castle itself? I prefer to think that they were fired at the Parliamentarians, and possibly buried themselves in the soft earth, it being October when the siege took place.

The field to the South of the Castle is known as the Rout Yard. With it having raised banks of earth all the way round there has been speculation as to whether it was a large cattle pen, and the earthwork in the centre some kind of fishpond. However, during the visit by the Sealed Knot when the seige was re-enacted it was used as a defensive earthwork to disrupt and break up Parliamentarian attacks. This seemed to be the latest thinking on the subject. It wasn't dug to protect the attackers, but rather to protect the castle at a reasonable distance and deny that part of the field to the enemy.

The castle was dug out by the council in the 60s and they had a small team working on it full time rebuilding parts and digging other bits out. It all seemed to stop when the stone mason had a heart attack and died, although that might have been coincidence. I recall Cambridge University used to come for a week every summer in those days and do a dig, always in the same place though where the Kitchen midden had been. Apart from recently digging the moat out as it was badly silted up the castle has been largely left undisturbed ever since. I know that my former history master who lives next to the castle used to own a sword which was reovered from the moat, but that it the only other artefact I am aware of.

During the siege the Parliamentarians put a gun on top of the church tower so they could fire down into the castle. The church used to be twice the size it is now, I think it too was damaged after the Civil War finished.

A former girlfriend of mine ran the village pub a few years ago, and caught her son who was aged about five at the time, talking to someone in his bedroom. However there was no one to be seen. When she asked him to describe the man he described a soldier of the ECW. Several days later he was also overheard talking to someone in the rear courtyard.When asked who it was he said it was the same soldier, however he looked different this time. He described how his hair had all been cut off at the back of his head. We were told that there was a courthouse on that site previously and having the head shaved like that was the sign of a condemmed man.

Coincidentally, my chldhood home was also a former pub, the Duke of York, besides being the village brewery, home to Castle Beers. It too was haunted, by the ghost of a scullery maid in our case.My great grandfather lived there until he passed away from pneumonia, caught by him trying to swim the moat one November night on his way back from the pub absolutely steaming drunk.

The castle is also supposed to be haunted, by the ghost of a white rabbit. I've never seen it personally, although I thought I did one night when on my way home absolutely steaming from the pub I passed the castle and the thought of the ghost of the white rabbit had just entered my mind when I met someone in the pitch black darkness of Moat Lane, and they were wearing white trousers.Frit me to de'ed as we says around 'ere.

The site is supported by a local friends group as you say, although some residents prefer to refer to them as the 'Fiends', with their tongues only slightly in their cheeks.

Warspite107 Apr 2017 5:15 p.m. PST

@ The Very Last Word on TMP

The 5lb ball is a Saker, the 9lb ball is a demi-culverin. Both are English calibres. My late great-uncle was a game keeper on the Sudeley Castle estate, where Charles I eventually surrendered. He gave me a 6lb ball which also has a middle seam around it. This would mean that they were cast in 'split half' moulds, probably of sand or clay. The 6-pounder was not an English calibre at this time and was probably manufactured in Holland or Sweden and then imported by the Royalists. When I checked the lists, King Charles surrendered three x 6-pounders at Sudeley Castle so I presume this shot was one of his and presumably unfired.

A few years later I bought a 28-pounder roundshot which I was told was found at the Second Battle of Newbury. Added to this I have a 3-pounder of late 18th/early 19th century vintage plus three WW2 anti-tank solid shots, a 25-pounder, a 17-pounder and a 6-pounder. Last year I managed to buy two 6-pounder brass shell cases. If I match the shot into one of the cases I could re-assemble a complete round! :)

I keep them in my fireplace and on my mantlepiece.

I enjoyed Bolingbroke, a very attractive village.

Barry

Volleyfire15 Apr 2017 6:11 a.m. PST

One thing I forgot to mention. After the Battle of Winceby, which by the way was the closest Cromwell came to being captured by the Royalists having been pinned under his dead horse and called upon to surrender by Hopton, the castle garrison fled leaving behind them 200 horses. 200 horses must have pretty well filled the castle courtyard, and consumed a lot of feed during their time there, which begs the question where did they come from and why were they left behind? If you wish to flee your enemy surely it is better to flee on horseback than to run on foot?

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