"Westphalian Battalion colours" Topic

When the Westphalian troops were withdrawn from Spain an infantry battalion, made of the healthiest men, stayed behind. In an OOB of the Army of Catalonia, Sep't. 1812 the is a "4th Westphalian Battalion" listed in the garrison of Junquera with a strength of 295 men.

What colours, if any, would this bn. have carried?

Since it is the 4th battalion rather than the 4th regiment is this in fact the 4th Light Infantry battalion? If this is the case they would have carried a single 1809 pattern infantry flag. In 'Army of Westphalia' by WJ Rawkins it says: "The inscriptions are not positively known but appear to have been  DER / KÖNIG / VON / WESTPHALIEN / ␣te LEICHTES INFANTERIE / BATAILLON on the obverse and  TAPFERKEIT / UND / GUTES BERTRAGEN on the reverse in gold.      

I doubt it was the 4th Light. The 1st Light went to Spain along with the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Infantry Regiments.

Perhaps it was a battalion of the 4th Regiment?

I am wondering if the "4th Bn." would be the 2nd battalion of the 3rd regiment. The 2nd reg't. are bns. 1 & 2, the 3rd reg't. 3 & 4, the 4th reg't are bns. 5 & 6. Of course I could be over thinking this. Hmm, that's funny I seem to smell burning hair…

I found this in W.J. Rawkins' 'The Army of the Kingdom of Westphalia 1807-1813' (p81):

"Finally, on 15 August 1812 orders were issued for the formation of the 4. Leichte-­infanterie-­bataillon. On 8 March 1813 a draft was called and the 1 & 2.Leichte-­Infanterie-­Bataillonen were reformed from new recruits and a cadre of men from the depots and the 4.Leichte-­ Infanterie-­Bataillon and the residue of the Westphalian infantry returning from Spain were drafted wholesale into the 4th Battalion to restore the strength.

It is not totally clear from this – and I may have completely got the wrong end of the stick – but is it possible that the 4th Light Infantry Battalion was initially formed in Spain and then brought up to strength after leaving? Could these be the troops referred to in the Army of Catalonia OOB?

If you check this Nafziger OOB for the French Army of Catalonia on 16th November 1812, the 4th Westphalian Light Battalion is indeed listed as being part of the garrison at Jonquière: PDF link

However, I don't know whether they would have received their eagle and standard before they left Spain.

I thought Napoleon wouldn't let Westphalian troops carry an eagle>

You are right. My mistake. The only eagles they had were the Westphalian eagles in the corners of the 1808 and 1809 issue flags (and they even lost those when the 1813 designs came along). The 1809 pattern flags were made in Kassel (the 1808 issue had been made in Paris) so I don't know whether the flag would have been sent to Spain when the 4th Light battalion was created or whether it would have been presented to the battalion at a later date.

Here is some interesting info at The Napoleon series. The men who eventually became the 4th Light were not so designated in Spain, and probably did not have a flag:

link

So probably no flag. I'm also wondering what uniform they would have been wearing? The post from Thomas Hemmann says they were regarded as light infantry but I imagine while they were in Spain they would have continued to wear the uniforms of their original units. So maybe a mixture of the four line regiments and the 1st Light battalion?

(Sorry for the slow answer – 3 days "hold" for new members here)

The Westphalian infantry in Catalonia were the 2nd, 3rd and 4th Line Regiments (2 batallions of 6 companies each) and the 1st Light Battalion (6 companies).
The last regular unit of Westphalian infantry to leave Spain was 1/4th Line, on 1 April 1811.

The remaining soldiers, some at that time in hosptial, were organized as the "bataillon léger westphalien" and continued to serve with the army of Catalonia, under the command of Oberstlieutenant Johann Theodor v. Winkel (chef de bataillon Jean-Théodore Winckel : Halberstadt 1767 – Netherlands 1827>), formerly commander of 2/4th Line. As light infantry, and a composite unit, the bataillon léger westphalien would have no flags or fanions.

They were at the re-taking of Figueres in 1811 with an état-major of 9 and 4 compagnies of chasseurs : 198 présents, 49 détachés, 171 aux hôpitals (total : 467)
Later they were posted as detachments to La Selva, Cadaqués and Roses.
On 15 October 1811 their strength was 20 officers and 215 other ranks present under arms.
On 6 December 1811, Oberstlieutenant v. Winkel was named a chevalier of the Légion d'honneur.

On 3 December 1812, King Jérôme requested the return of the light battalion in Spain, then numbering 21 officers and 283 other ranks and located at La Jonquera.
The battalion was first re-organized as two companies, and 6 officers and 27 sous-officiers were sent back, arriving in Kassel on 5 March 1813.
Then the remaining two companies, and a handful of artillerymen, were ordered home on 10 January 1813, arriving in Kassel on 14 April 1813.
On their arrival to Kassel, Oberstlieutenant v. Winkel's troops were incorporated in the newly created 4th Light Battalion under Geneva-born Oberstlieutenant Charles-Pierre Gauthier.
Although assigned to the 3rd Light Battalion, left behind tending the sick and wounded was chirurgien aide-major Monbert, who was mortally wounded on 7 February 1813 near Figueres.

Oberstlieutenant v. Winkel himself was posted as second in command of his original regiment, the 4th Line – but was actually put in command of the 2nd March Regiment (2 companies of fusiliers from each of the depots of the 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th Line, and a half-company of light infantrymen), taking replacements to the field army. He later entered the Dutch service, and was lieutenant-colonel commandant du dépot de la 8e division d'infanterie in 1817 and 1818, after which he retired with a Dutch pension.

The composite light battalion in Spain in 1811 and 1812 was not identified as the "4th".
French secondary sources (even very good ones) often mis-identify the 1st Light Battalion, which served at the storm of Gerona in 1809, as the "4th" – but this unit returned from Spain in early 1811. This 1st Light Battalion, under Oberstlieutenant Leopold Maximiliaan Julius v. Meyern (from 1815, Freiherr v. Meyern-Hohenberg), was the only Westphalian light batallion until the 2nd and 3rd were fielded in 1811, when it became officially the "1st".
The 4th Light Battalion did not exist until early 1813, fighting its first action at Lahn in August 1813.

Uniforms 1808-1809 – the remants of which would have been worn by the bataillon léger westphalien in 1811-1812 – you might do them as a small company from each of the 4 parent formations ….

Hi Le Breton,

That's a wonderfully comprehensive answer you have provided. Good to have you aboard.

Yes, thank you for such a great post.

Ed

The plate shown above with "Les 4 Régiments d'Infanterie" shows Berg infantry, not Westphalian.

From Alfons website:

Dear Sir
I have covered this in my two books on the Westphalian Cavalry and Westphalian Infantry that were published last year.
link

Stephen

Indeed, alternatively "The Westphalian Army in the Napoleonic Wars 1807-1813" by Peter Bunde / Markus Gaertner
(Co-Author: Thomas Hemmann), Translated by Richard L. Sanders

link

The info given by Nafziger is a typo. It is not the 4th battalion, but the 1st.

The état de situation of 1st November 1812 says: Infanterie Westphalienne, 1er Bataillon:

Bunde and Gartner Books are excellent. The computer generated illustrations of Bunde are very clear to follow.
Stephen