"Hsia-Men, later Amoy (now Xiamen) consists of two islands, Amoy City and Kulangsu (now Gulangyu). Amoy has been a busy seaport since the Song Dynasty (960-1279), and probably before. In 1279, the Mongols defeat the Songs. Later, Amoy becomes an outpost and refuge for Ming loyalists fighting the Manchu Qing Dynasty. In the 16th century, Portuguese missionaries arrive, but are soon turned away. Later, British and Dutch traders arrive until the port is closed to trade in the 18th century. In 1842, after the First Opium War between Britain and China, Amoy is established as one of the Treaty Ports open to foreign trade. At that time, most of the tea exported from China is shipped out of Amoy.
Thirteen countries including Great Britain, France, Spain, Germany, Holland, Denmark, Japan and the United States establish consulates, churches, and hospitals on nearby Kulangyu Island only reached by ferry. In 1903, Kulangyu is officially designated an "International Settlement" and has its own international police force…"
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Armand
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