Tom,
1) Not sure about scanners. There are rights issues with copying and cheap ones will diassapoint, if there are sharp edges on the model as the reslolution is not great. There may be great ones buyt they will not be cheap.
2) the printer takes a special file type. its .gcode file. It tells the printer what to print, when to feed when to stop and the speeds and feeds for the vertical (Z and X and Y (horizontal laeft and gight and forward and back.
3a) Typicaly you draw or buy a CAD file. There others but the most common (I have seen) is the .stl file. This just defines the shape of the object. I draw my own objects or buy them.
3B) you then load the .stl file onto a "slicer" this generates the .gcode file for your printer. Cheap printers come often with CURA which is OK. With my printers the manufacturer gave ya lot of the set up parameter so you have little more to do than put it in and set it going. The only issue really is that printers canot print in mid air for long. So an "L" shape can be printed easily, an inverted L shape not so easy as one bit is in mid air. The slicer can often, with degeees of effectiveness, provide a support that allows the top of the invered L to be printed. In efect creating an Inverted U shape, Hopefully with the extras printed bits for support they are easy to remove.
As far as I can see you will only use PLA plastic for models unless you are a very experienced.
Where to print. You really needed to print in a stable temperature environment (ours are in my mancave and the Sons office). An unheated garage may not be ideal.
RESIN PRINTERS DON'T. they are for experienced folk as the material is harmfull so needs masks and gloves and many more safety issue. If you get good and spend a good deal of time printing they have there advantages but not really for the man in the steet beginner and DEFINATELY not sutable for the house.
NOTE PLA is a simple filament that you can print in the house with no real extra safty precautions than anything else. ABS which is tougher (never needed it personally) stinks to high hell so not sutable for the hose.
To be honest a good introduction would be to look up the set up vidios for the Monoprice Select mini V2. Why, because that is all I Looked up to set mine up.