"Huguenot infantryman military costume 1562-1598..." Topic
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05 Jan 2019 10:41 a.m. PST by Editor in Chief Bill
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Paskal | 03 Jan 2019 12:40 p.m. PST |
Hello everyone, In the sixteenth century, there was no uniform in the European armies, but there were nevertheless dress styles and equipment for each nationality. So, we can recognize who was what at first sight. This was indeed the case during the wars in Italy … Thus, nowadays, with the 25/30 mm figures for the wars of Italy, one can easily distinguish the Swiss from lansquenets, from Spanish ect … During the eight wars of religion in France (FWOR) of 1562-1598, there were still no uniforms in the European armies, but dress styles and equipment for each nationality, the problem is that it There are only lansquenets that can be recognized at first sight … And it seems that there is less choice in lead figurines for these wars than for the wars in Italy … For example, for these eight wars of religion in France from 1562-1598(FWOR), it is impossible to find 25/30 mm lead figures specifically representing Huguenot infantrymen, because no factory designs Huguenot infantry figures for the eight wars of religion in France (FWOR)from 1562-1598 … In my opinion the infantry of the Huguenots – considering the austerity of their religion – had clothes very different from those of the infantry of the French royal and Catholic army … Someone has addresses of factories proposing figurines of infantry designated specfically as Huguenot infantrymen for the eight wars of religion in France of 1562-1598? If anyone has documents on the outfits worn by the Huguenot infantrymen during the eight wars of religion in France from 1562-1598, published them and I could perhaps do something. Thank you. |
Meta Four | 03 Jan 2019 2:29 p.m. PST |
Apart from liveries, field signs etc. what differences would you expect to see between 'Hugenot' and 'Catholic' outfits? |
French Wargame Holidays | 03 Jan 2019 3:04 p.m. PST |
The field sign used by the Huguenots at Craon was white Great article here link Cheers Matt Mayenne France |
Shagnasty | 03 Jan 2019 3:46 p.m. PST |
Their cavalry were known as "Millers" because they often wore white cassocks over their armour/buff coats. Perhaps the foot followed a similar tradition. |
perfectcaptain | 03 Jan 2019 4:28 p.m. PST |
Hi Paskal, The austerity of the Protestants is a bit overblown, especially among soldiers, who like to look sharp! There are times when the call would go out to dress simply, so maybe for the sake of difference dressing some in plainer clothes wouldn't hurt, but in the main it would be hard to tell them apart from their opponents, whether officer or ranker. That's why field signs were so important. It is also important to remember that there WAS some uniformity, just not on a national level. It was not uncommon for companies and possibly regiments to be issued with same-color clothes. Certainly all Gendarmes were dressed by company. |
Paskal | 04 Jan 2019 1:06 a.m. PST |
@ Meta Four The brave Catholics called them "crows" this due to their well-known austerity … Also as explained in the perfectcaptain article related to Herce Salon de Guerre post above: Thus in 1581, at a synod at Montauban, the ministers published a denunciation of extravagant clothes, and not the first recorded (Conde published a similar in 1568). The goal of the ministries being austerity. This shows of course that many dressed sometimes shimmering, but that it was not going in the direction of their religion These over-colored clothes were frowned upon, being seen as a means of separating men from each other by ostentation, and the Huguenots valued the concept of "priesthood of believers", according to which no man should really be raised beyond above another and especially because it did not apply to the existing national social order, so they even tried to found a state in the state … @Herce War Room Thank you I know this article, the interest is its Internet Links to primary resources. @Shagnasty They were white mandilles, no white casaques. Indeed, during the first religious wars in France, the riders wear on their armor a tunic, called casaque if it has no sleeves, and mandille (or mandil) when his sleeves open form wings. It is June 9, 1562 that appears for the first time the white color as a mark Protestant military, during the interview of Toury en Beauce, between Catherine de Medici and the two enemy brothers, Antoine de Boubon, king of Navarre, lieutenant general of the kingdom, and Louis,Prince de Condé, at the head of the Huguenot troops: " The troop which accompanied the King of Navarre was wearing a jacket of crimson velvet and red banners, and that of the Prince de Conde of white casaques* and banners. " From the first war, Conde who claimed to be God's defender and protector the king had adopted the white scarf, color of the cross that the French,since the crusades, they carried on their weapons and their signs. The Catholics had, by contrast, adopted the red scarf of the King of Spain,their ally. - "Your people are millers, my cousin" said, one day, Catherine de Medici to Conde. - "It's better to sting your roussins, my cousin! Replied the prince, who had a lively response and a happy mood. *Note that they still speak of casaques while it was mandilles! Also the outfits of the Huguenot riders are well known and the white mandilles will be abandoned at about the same time as the lance. The last huguenot cavalrymen with lances are about fifty specimen still present at the battle of Coutras , but the mandilles had already disappeared. But this is not the subject, the subject is the huguenot infantry, I think it was not only the color of their scarves which differentiated them from the Catholic, but also the color and the cut of their clothes… @perfectcaptain Congratulations for your article on spanish fury that I knew and that I am allowed to resume. "You are writing" Certainly all have been dressed by company. "No, it is all the gendarmes and their archers, and their chevau-légers who have the same white mandilles but not their commoner cavalry, like the "argoulets", who never carried the mandille that seems to have been reserved only to the nobility. I know that this is a kind of dalmatic with handles curiously borrowed from the lackeys' wardrobe.This fashion was all over Europe from 1562 to 1580.The mandilles was placed under the armor shoulders and the false sleeves were generally worn floating but sometimes they were knotted! In the case of Catholics, the mandilles were only worn in the compagnies d'ordonnance, therefore only by the Gendarmes and their archers, but not by the chevau-légers that were not that were not part of the compagnies d'ordonnance and therefore did not wear them. The mandilles of the Gendarmes and their archers were red, blue, yellow, but sometimes green or black with a white cross in front and behind. |
grafthomond | 09 Jan 2019 7:10 a.m. PST |
Paskal Actually, I think the terminology associated with the garments associated with the gens d'armes (of either side) is somewhat more complex. Initially, the men of the gens d'armes compagnies were expected to wear a garment called a ‘saye' in the colour of their captain's livery. I believe this was the same sleeveless, full skirted coat worn during the Italian Wars. The skirt could be worn on its own and was referred to as a ‘demi-saye'. The famous prints by Perrissin and Tortorel, produced in the early 1570's invariably show gens d'armes in a similar coat but with false, handing sleeves. I would suggest that this is the casaque. Later, and much to La Noue's annoyance, this came to be replaced by the mandille. This differed from the casaque in that it was shorter and lacked the full skirt. It was also normally split up the sides and/or front. It was often worn open, like a poncho, of even askew, so the sleeves hung down over the front and back and the body sections were over the arms! There are illustrations of such garments being worn by argoulets and what may be supposed to be chevaux legers. Later, gens d'armes, who had by this time become cuirassiers, abandoned the coat altogether in favour of a sash. These distinctions may be overly precise, however. The 1584 ordonnance refers to ‘sayes and casaques' and the 1574 ordonnance only refers to ‘hocquetons of their captain's livery', a term which had previously applied to armour. It is also interesting to note that some Catholic gens d'armes worn white as their livery colour, such as Sainct André's at Dreux. Finally, nice to see the FWOR being given some attention! |
grafthomond | 09 Jan 2019 7:20 a.m. PST |
Paskal With regard to suitable figures; The Assault Group (TAG) is currently working up a Dutch Wars range. They have released Sea Beggars and Dutch militia so far. The latter could be pressed into service for troops of the later wars, though they look a bit too well off for most, and the proportion of muskets is too high if you buy the unit packs. Also, only shot so far. But the figures are very good and I have high hopes that the range will eventually fill many of the gaps in the period. Buy some, and perhaps this will give them the encouragement they need! |
grafthomond | 09 Jan 2019 10:07 a.m. PST |
Paskal You mentioned Conde issuing instructions in 1568. I have read a paraphrase of these but not the original, do you have a reference? Many thanks. |
Paskal | 09 Jan 2019 1:06 p.m. PST |
@ grafthomond, For the description of armor I only rely on the engravings of Perrissin and Tortorel and on the tapestry like that of the battle of Saint – Denis … For the moment it is mainly the first three FWOR that interest me … The coat with false handing sleeves is the mandille not the casaque… The Five colors of the Catholic mandilles are given in "Le Blanc de France" by Denise Turrel. The denunciation of extravagant clothes by Conde published in 1568, alas I can not remember where … Note that in the 1574 ordonnance described by James B.Wood in his book, the gendarmes and archers are more heavily armored than on the engravings of Perrissin and Tortorel and the tapestry like that of the Battle of Saint-Denis … But also see the illustrations in Batailles Françaises by Edouard Hardÿ de Périni… So it's so much misery that some people buy tudors figures from the second half of the 16th century to play the FWOR and now 80-year war figures, I will never do that, I found another solution … And for the Huguenot infantry, no news ? |
Paskal | 09 Jan 2019 10:36 p.m. PST |
Ah I forgot, Henri Estienne – printer, philologist, Hellenist and French humanist born in Paris in 1528 or in 1531 and died in Lyon in 1598 – teaches us that the term morion, which was Italian, generally replaced, under Charles IX, to that of cabasset. At the same time, the "visor morion lowered", which was formerly called sallet, was only known under the name of burgonet. Sallet was reserved to designate exclusively the armet helmet equipped with bavaria and view, which constituted the helmet of the gendarmerie. The morion or the burgonet served as a helmet for the light cavalry and the infantrymen. Of these, only the halberdiers kept the hat. The halberdiers of the French national infantry will disappear under Charles IX who also made disappear the crossbow of the panoply of the weapons of war by decreeing: "For what now the bow and crossbows are in use of defense, all the crossbowmen and archers will now be required to wear arquebus instead of bow and crossbows. " The corselets, abandoned entirely by the harquebusiers, became the pike's own uniform and the sign of recognition of officers of all ranks. Huguenots, having no Swiss in their armies (except at the beginning, and very bad …), used in place German infantrymen, or lansquenets, dressed roughly as were those of Marignan, except that their upper, very loose and cut to the German fashion, descended almost at the bottom of their legs, like the trousers of the Mamelukes. At the head of their bands walked a rank of soldiers armed with those terrible two-handed swords, which make the astonishment of those who see it today in the cabinets of curiosities. The clothing of the cavalry undergoes important reform only the total suppression of the harness of legs which was replaced by long boots, even in the gendarmerie (As represented on the tapestry of the Battle of Saint-Denis); so that all bodies were then uniformly shod. The corselet of the chevau-légers was sometimes covered, from the time of Francis II, by a floating jacket a little longer than the bust,the casaque. Gendarmes and archers of the compagnies d'ordonnance , had similar ones with lost sleeves falling behind the arm, the mandille. This is what we called the "robes" of the cavalry. The harquebusiers on horseback, who began to call themselves carabins, did not have this accoutrement which would have hindered them for the maneuvering of their weapon. Finally the reiters, while retaining the pistol to which they owed their reputation, adopted the defensive weapons which they lacked at first, that is to say the burgonet and the corselet. |
Paskal | 13 Jan 2019 6:58 a.m. PST |
On the other hand, it would be nice to find a study on the evolution of the armor and clothes of the gendarmes and archers of the companies d'ordonnance between 1562 and 1590, (Not to mention the chevau-légers)nobody know a book on it? |
Druzhina | 14 Jan 2019 9:31 p.m. PST |
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Paskal | 14 Jan 2019 11:50 p.m. PST |
Ah dear Druzhina,the cavalry (Druzhina) are back to get us out of there as usual, a thousand thanks. And if you have any documentation on french wars of religions, please go see my other topics, thanks. All Huguenot arquebusiers have Burgonets? |
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