Of possible interest?
"Al-Andalus (Arabic: لأندلس ا , trans. al-ʼAndalus,
Spanish: Al-Ándalus) was the Arabic name given
to a nation and territorial region also commonly
referred to as Moorish Iberia. The name describes
parts of the Iberian Peninsula and Septimania
governed by Muslims (given the generic name of
Moors), at various times in the period between
711 and 1492, although the territorial boundaries
underwent constant changes with constant attacks
from the Christian Kingdoms
Following the Muslim conquest of Hispania,
Al-Andalus was divided into five administrative
areas roughly corresponding to Andalusia, Galicia
and Portugal, Castile and Léon, Aragon and
Catalonia, and Septimania.[4] As a political
domain or domains, it successively constituted a
province of the Umayyad Caliphate, initiated by
the Caliph Al-Walid I (711–750); the Emirate of
Córdoba (c. 750–929); the Caliphate of Córdoba
(929–1031); and the Caliphate of Córdoba's taifa
(successor) kingdoms. Rule under these kingdoms
saw the rise in cultural exchange and cooperation
between Christians, Muslims, and Jews. Under
the Caliphate of Córdoba, al-Andalus was a
beacon of learning, and the city of Córdoba became one of the leading cultural and economic centres in both the
Mediterranean Basin and the Islamic world.
In succeeding centuries, Al-Andalus became a province of the Berber Muslim dynasties of the Almoravids and
Almohads, subsequently fragmenting into a number of minor states, most notably the Emirate of Granada. With the
support of local inhabitants of the Iberian Peninsula the Almoravids deposed of the taifa Muslim princes, after
helping to repel Christian attacks on the region by Alfonso VI. Rule under the Almoravids and Almohads saw a
decline in cultural and social exchange and increased persecution of religious minorities, with a return to more
fundamentalist forms of Islam…"
Main page
PDF link
Amicalement
Armand
