And even non scholars (such as myself) to write about…
It is a confusing term. I tend to align with the Kardakes being "mercenaries", which were originally Kurds and other hillmen from Asia Minor areas… so my guess that explains why there could be different armaments…
Just as Cretans denote archers in later armies--- but when one looks closely they could also be javelinmen.
Similarly Lykians-- known as excellent peltasts could also be arraigned in phalanxes, so even though listed as Lykians- they could be something else.
And even further we know there were light and heavy divisions of the Hypaspists corps, which may have been actually divided by age- and swiftness of foot…
The whole concept of the early Roman legion was a combined arms force. Maccabean formations were described as being part javelinmen and spearmen.
All of these granular divisions don't help gamers put their armies together, since we want things to be singular-- based on mutually exclusive troop types.
So the Kardakes (Cardaces) will continue to vex us, especially since at Issus the Persian numbers are inflated, and there is no detail given to whether Alexander charged through Kardaka spearmen or peltasts-- and constructions of the battleline other than Arrian seem to support that there were light troops to the hills--- which could have been peltast types.
But as Mr. Smith just pointed out--- all the above was just something to write about.