"Traditionally the junior service, operating in the Army's shadow and receiving a ten percent share of the 2015 defence budget of $6.6 USD billion, Pakistan's Navy personnel numbers more than 22,000 active, plus 5,000 in the reserve. This secondary role stands in contrast with the economy's dependence on the sea, with the port city of Karachi contributing 25 percent of GDP and the proposed China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) raising the country's maritime profile even further.
Much of the Navy's backbone, including its seven submarines, five French-made ‘Khalid' class conventional hunter-killer (SSKs) acquired in the 1990s plus two ‘Hashmat' class SSKs from the 1970s, is nearing retirement. The Navy is working to acquire new surface and undersea combatants, boosting domestic shipbuilding in the process and in cooperation with Beijing.
Plans include procuring an additional four 3000-ton F-22P/'Zulfiqar' (Sword) class frigates with improved sensors and weapons (including HQ-17 surface-to-air missiles, developed from Russia's Tor 1/SA-N-9), as well as six Type-022 Houbei stealth catamaran missile boats. State-owned shipbuilder Karachi Shipyard and Engineering Works (KSEW) is responsible for these programs, and is expanding its facilities with a new foundry, manufacturing areas, and two dry docks of 26,000 and 18,000 dead weight tons, spread over 71 acres. Islamabad had been hoping to procure six Perry-class frigates from the US on easy terms, but congressional hostility has prompted greater reliance on China, a country heavily committed at all levels to Pakistan, being a key to Beijing's strategy of securing access to the Indian Ocean and keeping New Delhi distracted by a regional rival…"
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