"Ad Finem Desolatum!- Rome's Ferocious 2nd Celtiberian..." Topic
8 Posts
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Tango01 | 17 Jul 2015 9:45 p.m. PST |
… WAR (154-133 BC). "In the 4th century BC, the ethno-linguistic situation in the Iberian Peninsula (or simply called Iberia) was settled. Most likely, her area was shared by at least five ethno-linguistic groups. The three of them consisted of indigenous peoples of the Pre-Indo-European Mediterranean substrate: the Vasconian or Aquitanian group dwelled in the northern area, being the ancestors of the modern Basques. The Vascones belonged to the same group with the pre-Celtic Aquitani of southern Gaul. The southern part of the Peninsula belonged to the Tartessian group, with the Turdetani being its principal tribe and the River Ana (today Guadiana) being its northern border. The eastern Mediterranean coast of Spain was dwelled by the Iberian group. Some decades ago it was believed that the Vascones and the Tartessians were branches of the Iberians, but today it is almost certain that they were independent ethno-linguistic groups. This ‘misunderstanding' was due to the Greek and Italian navigators/explorers who first came into contact with the Iberians. Because of this meeting they called "Iberia" the whole peninsula when in fact the Iberians were a rather limited part of the total population. In the mentioned period, the original Tartessian group was already divided to a Paleo-Tartessian and a Turdetanian subgroup. The other two ethno-linguistic groups of the Peninsula were Indo-European: the Lusitani who were linguistically an Indo-European population but probably pre-Celtic, and the Celtiberians who were linguistically Celts. Some researchers believe that the Lusitani spoke proto-Celtic dialects originating from the local Urnfield Culture, older than the Celtiberian dialects (being q-Celtic, rather originating from the Hallstatt Era) but there are many objections to this view. The Celtiberians (or to be more accurate, the Celtic populations) were dwelling in the central hinterland of the Peninsula (the Meseta), from the Guadiana River to the north Spanish coast. The Lusitani territory was in modern central Portuguese hinterland. The Celtiberians consisted of many independent tribes: the Celtiberians proper, the Carpetani, the Astures, the Cantabri, the Vaccaei and others. The Vettones who sometimes are considered to be a Celtiberian tribe, were rather close relatives of the Lusitani and spoke a language closely akin to Lusitanian. Even the Lusitani themselves are sometimes classified as Celtiberians (including their mention in the Latin sources) although ethnically they were much different from them, as it was stated. Indeed, Viriathus, the warlord of the Lusitani is also mentioned as the leader of the Celtiberians but he rather joined under his leadership the two peoples in an alliance against Rome. For this reason the 2nd Celtiberian War also includes the simultaneous conflicts between the Romans and the Lusitani. In fact, the war was fought in two fronts: the Lusitanian one and the Celtiberian one, not counting the other two fronts against the Iberian and the Turdetani rebels…"
Full article here link Amicalement Armand |
mashrewba | 18 Jul 2015 3:33 a.m. PST |
I wonder where the arrow storm is coming from -Parthia??! Very interesting article , especially the reconstructed fortification. |
Prince of Derekness | 18 Jul 2015 6:15 a.m. PST |
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BigRedBat | 18 Jul 2015 8:12 a.m. PST |
The Centurion is very badly lost! |
Tango01 | 18 Jul 2015 11:03 a.m. PST |
Glad you enjoyed it my friend!. (smile) Amicalement Armand |
Tarantella | 19 Jul 2015 10:01 p.m. PST |
He's obviously very upset he's been matched against HYW English. |
Trajanus | 20 Jul 2015 10:13 a.m. PST |
Looks like the enemy found away of shooting off their entire ammo supply at one go! |
mashrewba | 20 Jul 2015 10:51 a.m. PST |
"… this for a game of soldiers" Centurion!!! |
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